There is evidence of economic writing that dates all the way back to the Mesopotamian era. The development of modern economics is largely due to two groups which were known as the physiocrats and the mercantilists. These groups help develop capitalism in Europe in the 16th century.

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic within the European Union, located in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps.

A BSc (Bachelor of Science) is an undergraduate degree that prepares students for a career in their field of study. While the degree is often related to courses in the realm of science, students in non-science fields can also earn a BSc.